Optimizing Pier Design to Mitigate Scour: A Comprehensive Review and Large Eddy Simulation Study

Scour-induced sediment erosion poses a significant threat to the safety and longevity of infrastructure, including bridges, wind turbines, elevated buildings, coastal infrastructure. Despite well-known destructive consequences scour, accurate models that capture complexity its dynamics remain elusive, impeding development effective countermeasures. We provide comprehensive review existing literature on scour examine fluid bed shear stress surrounding bridge piers. propose CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations with LES (Large-Eddy Simulation). The current paper demonstrate is more technique than RANS (Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes) for investigating scouring. study local induced effects compare findings simulation results. Besides, two countermeasures are modeled, delta vane plate footings, decrease around results show both effectively reduce stress, we also suggest combination footing as promising solution upstream downstream stress. highlights importance thorough investigations scouring need protect infrastructure from scour-related damage or collapse. recommended hold promise construction maintenance costs extend longevity.